A Brief Overview of the Argumentative Proposal Form

<h1>A Brief Overview of the Argumentative Proposal Form</h1><p>An factious proposition proclamation portrays a contentious commitment to the paper. It is a definitive component of a factious paper. Notwithstanding its proper shape, it can likewise be adapted in that it comprises of a factious detailing (maybe an underlying section that sets the standard procedures for the remainder of the contention), a contentious contention, and a conclusion.</p><p></p><p>A proposal articulation might be introduced in two different ways. It might be introduced in a paper as a different square and independently introduced in the informative supplement. It might likewise be introduced as an announcement in a paper and a different area of the paper. Despite the introduction style utilized, all the subtleties and inferences for the contention must be introduced in the theory statement.</p><p></p><p>This brief conversation of the proposal articulation's structure is expected to give the understudy a reason for recognizing what the pugnacious postulation explanation comprises of. An understudy is encouraged to peruse any extensive article regarding the matter of composition utilizing a factious proposal articulation to help decide whether that specific paper will be elegantly composed. While assessing a pugnacious paper, an understudy ought to have the option to perceive the announcement's structure, a comprehension of how it works, and what it adds to the argument.</p><p></p><p>The factious theory articulation speaks to a solitary central, and main issue of a contention. Notwithstanding, there are a wide range of ways a theory articulation might be introduced in a paper. It might comprise of isolated sentences, passages, or even whole papers. The proposal explanation ought to be arranged and introduced so that the peruser can rapidly get a handle on its meaning.</p><p></p>&l t;p>The peruser is continually searching for a proposition proclamation. The peruser's purpose behind searching for a theory explanation will consistently be to decide if a proposal articulation is effective or not. In spite of the fact that the announcement is a piece of the paper, it is urgent that the proposal proclamation is finished and deserving of being remembered for the paper. In that capacity, the proposition explanation ought to be tended to all alone page.</p><p></p><p>The essayist isn't just to expound on the work itself. Nonetheless, as is valid with any single segment of the paper, the theory proclamation must ensure that each and every thought is appropriately represented. The essayist must be certain that each and every thought remembered for the proposal proclamation is immovably in place.</p><p></p><p>The whole content is liable for the structure of the contention. It is the author's obligation to incorporate and interface each and every piece of the work. The theory proclamation is an essential and fundamental piece of the contention. An effective contention may be permitted if the postulation proclamation is finished and sufficiently shrouded in the whole work.</p>

College Composition CLEP Essay Examples - Format Options Available

College Composition CLEP Essay Examples - Format Options AvailableCollege Composition CLEP essay examples are available in numerous formats. Some of these formats include handouts, pen and paper, and electronic to suit your needs. The format you choose will largely depend on the format that fits your requirements and your schedule. There are some things to consider when selecting the format you prefer.First, take a look at the school's syllabus. The CLEP is based on a regular English curriculum, which means it has to be class-based. It is only used in classes, not at home and college. Therefore, there may be instances where you can't use an actual composition essay example, like for example, if the syllabus does not contain examples of writing in class. This is the case with some colleges, which are non-traditional in nature.You can also ask the instructor for suggestions for using a composition example in a syllabus, but make sure that the instructor has access to the class text. In a more traditional setting, you'll find more flexibility with the instructor's choice. In a more traditional setting, the syllabus already has a variety of examples.For this reason, students are encouraged to create their own writing or attend class discussions to learn techniques for making their writing more compelling. Such techniques could include using notes or other shorthand. Alternatively, they could make use of the facilities found in the course-specific writing software. Make sure that you are familiar with the different elements that are used to construct the individual parts of a composition.How many CLEP requirements you have will also affect the type of writing assignments you will get. Some colleges require more than others do, so be sure to do your research to see what type of CLEP requirements you have in your particular school. However, even if you don't have a lot of CLEP requirements, your college composition CLEP essay examples will give you valuable insight in to your potential for success.As for the time frame that a student is required to complete in order to graduate, there are no hard and fast rules in place. Many times, students complete CLEP requirements after they finish other requirements such as AP classes. Students should also understand that they will have to take a practice test in order to qualify. Students who choose to skip the practice test may be showing signs of future struggle, even if they did not fail.Another important factor that students should look at is the pace of the college composition CLEP essay examples. If you are writing for a deadline, you should think about whether or not you can deliver the work at the pace that you will need to. If you write ahead of schedule, then you will feel like a supernova and be able to overcome the rigors of the exam.However, if you are forced to put the time into a specific piece of writing, then the college composition CLEP essay examples may not be very useful. Make sure you study ahead of time and plan your pace accordingly. Make sure you know what is expected from you and that you can meet that standard.

Essay Topics - Traditional Versus Ethical

Essay Topics - Traditional Versus EthicalEssay topics are the backbone of an ethical essay. It is a matter of personal preference which topics are best to tackle.As far as ethics are concerned, most professors would recommend the topic 'Do-overs' for the ethics essay. The truth is that the topic has got very little relevance as a traditional kind of essay. On the other hand, it is not a bad idea to include the subject in a traditional essay. In other words, an ethical essay can be written while a traditional essay can be written.Moreover, in writing a traditional essay, the conventional format of writing an essay and how to write a typical essay will be used. In an ethical essay, an ethical statement is going to be presented that would be offered by the essayist in contrast to the usual statement.However, in a formal standpoint, the ethical statement should follow a formal essay. An example would be the subject 'Aren't you the child of God?' The subject of the essay can be an example of the dogma in Christianity. It would be a valid target for the ethics essay topic.This is because Christianity is the orthodox view on morality and ethics and hence there can be no question of the topic of the essay not being 'legitimate'. Hence, the topic in the essay must be relevant to the subject. Otherwise, the essay would not be worthwhile to write.As far as the proper length of the essay is concerned, it is a must that the essay should be shorter than what the student deems suitable. As for instance, a student wants to write an essay on the death penalty. If the essay is too long, it might appear as if the student is trying to make a statement rather than a statement of opinion. Further, there is a tendency to put the phrase 'a statement of opinion' in the essay.It is a practice of the editors to ask the student if he is prepared to 'sell' his essay. If he is, the editor would put the entire sentence of the essay under 'review.' Further, it should not be felt as a violatio n if the student puts his own views in the essay.

The Impact of Hollywood in American Society - 1568 Words

Although it started out as a novelty and a source of controversy, Hollywood has had an impact in American society significantly on political aspects in the 20th century as well as shaping our modern world. In 1894, two French Brothers, Auguste and Louis Lumiere introduced the portable motion picture camera and projector as a solution to the smaller projection of Thomas Edison’s original invention the kinetoscope. In April of 1896, the two men unveiled their vitascope and presented the first motion pictures on the public screen in the United States. (SOURCE) This was the great start of Hollywood. Many extraordinary producers and filmmakers began moving to Hollywood to seize this opportunity. With a new and improved invention of the kinetoscope, they no longer had copyright problems because of Thomas Edison and could finally bring their great films to life. The movies attracted audiences of groundbreaking size, due to convenient schedules, low admission prices, and that it was available to non-English speaking immigrants because it lacked spoken dialogue at the time.This made films available for almost anybody to enjoy, which enlarged the general audience. By the early 1920s, Hollywood had become the world’s film capital. It produces virtually all films show in the United States and received 80 percent of the revenue from films shown abroad. (SOURCE) Unfortunately Hollywood had also come to symbolize â€Å"the new morality† of the 1920s. ItShow MoreRelatedCase Study 2 Hollywood1665 Words   |  7 PagesShahrokh Dalpour November 2 2014 Case Study-Hollywood Influence on Global Culture 1. Most aspects of foreign culture, like language, religion, gender roles, and problem-solving strategies, are hard for the casual observer to understand. In what ways do Hollywood movies affect national culture outside the United States? 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As we explicitly focus on the sources for coffee to become a lifestyle choice due to the residuum of Hollywood and the beneficial effects of coffee, we ask ourselves is coffee constructi ve or destructive concerning the consumer’sRead More Analysis of The Day of the Locust by Nathanael West Essay916 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of The Day of the Locust by Nathanael West Nathanael West’s The Day of the Locust tells the story of people who have come to California in search of the American Dream. They travel west hoping to escape less than perfect lives and pursue success in Hollywood. The characters in this novel dream of a life of luxury, having lots of money, and living happily ever after. They eventually come to the realization that the seemingly picture perfect life that California represents is not asRead MoreThe Day of the Locust Essay932 Words   |  4 PagesNathanael Wests The Day of the Locust tells the story of people who have come to California in search of the American Dream. They travel west hoping to escape less than perfect lives and pursue success in Hollywood. The characters in this novel dream of a life of luxury, having lots of money, and living happily ever after. They eventually come to the realization that the seemingly picture perfect life that California represents is not as easy to attain as they once thought. The charactersRead MoreImmigration and Popular Culture1126 Words   |  5 PagesImmigration and American Popular Culture All of the different ethnic groups that migrated from their homeland to the United States left some kind of mark on American popular culture. The European immigrants during the 1930s created a very large splash in the public eye through the use of cinema. In addition, the Jamaican immigrants in South Bronx during the 1970s made a name for themselves by introducing a form of music called rap. In this paper, I will be analyzing and comparing the similaritiesRead MoreAmerican Media Coverage Of The Israeli Arab Conflict1551 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Media coverage of the Israeli-Arab conflict What is an Arab? In a great number of movies Hollywood provides the answer to this question: Arabs are cruel murderers, sleazy rapists, religious fanatics, oil-rich dimwits, and abusers of women (Shaheen 2). This is how Hollywood shows Arabs to the world. Throughout the history we can trace the discrimination in several media industry against African-American, Jewish, and Hispanic people. However, in some North America’s media Arabs are depictedRead MoreGlamour Analysis1100 Words   |  5 Pagespublic figures. Yet, we still know peculiarly little about the element of the word glamour or the artistic taste behind its significance. Glamour is existence that is difficult to define, but is instantly substantial. Our society inundate photographs that revolve around hollywood movie stars. In my own words, glamour is an unreal quality that uplifts an individual into the dimension of something else, their natural beauty and desire is above anything we see in everyday life. The it fa ctor causesRead More McCarthyism versus The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay example1174 Words   |  5 PagesReasonable doubt was all that was necessary to accuse and sometimes convict someone of un-American activities in the late 1940s, early 1950s. This period of time was known for McCarthyism--a time of extreme anticommunism, lead by Senator Joseph McCarthy (McCarthyism). The United States pledged to contain the spread of communism globally, as well as locally, and did what it could to keep this promise. Americans began to fear that communism was leaking into the media, government, arts, schools, and

To Kill A Mockingbird Man Versus Society Essay Example For Students

To Kill A Mockingbird: Man Versus Society Essay There Are Five Literary Conflicts In literature, Man Versus Man, ManVersus Nature, Man Versus The Supernatural, Man Versus Society, Man VersusHimself. There Is A New Literary conflict in literature, Its Man VersusTechnology, Therefore, Known As the conflict on the 20th century. Asymbolic meaning of this conflict is franticness. Literature, is a type ofcommunication. Poetry is written In lines, standers, and prose., Otherwisewish The Separate Piece was written with sentences and paragraphs. To Kill A Mockingbird Is Man Versus Society. It Was Written by afourteen year old girl, in the south during the 1930s. The story is aflashback when she was six to nine years old. This is a mini-novel by theauthor Harper Lee. The story took place in the very deep part of the southduring the 1930s when the country was in a ecomincal depression in a towncalled Maycomb. This novel was written in the first person, therefore weknow that the narrator is a character in the story. This story is aflashback that covered around three years. He father Atticus that treat heras an invitingly. In the south the tradition and society is more importantwhich is the individual is more important! He makes them learn everythingby themselves, Therefore she tells us how she is getting educated. Jim was a very active boy, He has manners. He was the son of atticus. Scott was the daughter and narrator of Atticus. Atticus was a well knownman. He was brave because he shot the dog. He was a lawyer. Calpurnia wasthe housekeeper of atticus, always helping out the kids when they neededthem. Boo Radley was given a monster image by the kids. He is one of thetrue mocking birds in this story. He said Scott at the end. Tom Robinson,He was another Mockingbird. He used to help out people. He felt pity for awhite woman. He was charged for rape That he never committed. Mr. Slady,She was a Old woman that was trying to Kick The habit. thats why shedied. There are four types of classes known at this time in the south. Blacks, Calpurnia And Tom Robinson. White Trash, Ewells. Poor Whites, TheCunninghams. And The Average Southern,Atticus and its neighbors. Educationseparate every. The average are the only to go to High School, College. At this time there where three myths known that separated the blacks. 1. Blacks where like little children and had to be taken care of them. Inferior2. Blacks, Had sexually intimate to rape a white woman. They had to be keptin a place. 3. White women where treated as goddesses. The lessons learn in the south, where Things never change.

Midsummer Nights Dream Essays (2774 words) - Fiction, Theatre

Midsummer Night's Dream William Shakespeare, born in 1594, is one of the greatest writers in literature. He dies in 1616 after completing many sonnets and plays. One of which is "A Midsummer Night's Dream." They say that this play is the most purely romantic of Shakespeare's comedies. The themes of the play are dreams and reality, love and magic. This extraordinary play is a play-with-in-a-play, which master writers only write successfully. Shakespeare proves here to be a master writer. Critics find it a task to explain the intricateness of the play, audiences find it very pleasing to read and watch. "A Midsummer Night's Dream" is a comedy combining elements of love, fairies, magic, and dreams. This play is a comedy about five couples who suffer through love's strange games and the evil behind the devious tricks. This play begins as Theseus, the Duke, is preparing to marry Hippolyta. He woos her with his sword. Hermia is in love with Lysander. Egeus, Hermia's father, forbids the relationship with Lysander and orders her to marry Demetrius. Demetrius loves Hermia, but she does not love him. On the other hand, Helena is in love with Demetrius. To settle the confusion, Theseus decides that Hermia must marry Demetrius or become a nun. In retaliation to her father's command, Hermia and Lysander run away together. Amidst all the problems in the human world, Titania and Oberon, the fairy queen and king, continually argue about their various relationships that they have taken part in. (Scott 336) Titania leaves Oberon as a result of the arguments. Oberon is hurt and wants revenge on Titania. So he tells Puck, Oberon's servant, to put a magic flower juice on her eyelids while she is sleeping. This potion causes the victim to desperately in love with the first creature that they see. Oberon's plan is carried out, but the potion is also placed on Lysander's eyes. Lysander awakes to see Helena, who is aimlessly walking through the woods, and instantly falls in love with her. She thinks that he is making fun of her being in love with Demetrius, so she leaves and Lysander follows. This leaves Hermia to wake up alone. Puck now has journeyed to the area where several actors are rehearsing. He uses his magic to turn one of them into a donkey, in hopes that Titania will awake to see it. Just as planned, she awakes and falls in love with the donkey. Oberon and Puck overhear Demetrius and Hermia arguing about their relationships and realize that they had made a mistake. In hopes of solving the problem, Puck places magic juice on Demetrius while he is sleeping. He awakes to Helena, who now has two men in love with her. Hermia is devastated because Lysander does not love her anymore. Helena and Hermia argue because Helena thinks that Hermia is in on the men's "joke." All four argue and leave. Puck persuades them to sleep all together and more of the antidote is placed on the eyes of Lysander. Titania also receives another dose of the potion, and awakes to her husband Oberon. A triple wedding is planned and everyone is happy. (thinkquest.com 1-3) Throughout the play there are many references to the gender and sex roles of the characters. As described in the critical essay by Shirley Nelson Garner, the dominating male power and strange sex roles of the characters is fluent throughout the play. The ordering of the fairy, human, and natural worlds is a movement toward satisfying men's psychological needs; but it also disrupts women's bonds with each other. The argument between Titania and Oberon arises from Titania's focus of attention toward a stolen Indian boy. Oberon uses his authority to force Titania to give up the boy, and he is shocked when she disobeys him and leaves. Her attachment to the boy is erotic, because she treats him similar to Bottom after she falls in love with him by a spell. The underlying reason for Oberon's complaint of Titania and the boy's relationship is that he secretly wants the boy for himself. Oberon takes action because his power is threatened by Titania's love for the boy. He needs her too, so he wins the boy for himself to make her feel inferior. In other words, Titania gave up something that she loved to make her husband happy. This is seen in everyday life, women give up their wants to make their men happy. Titania's sacrifice for Oberon cost her to lose both her Indian boy and his mother, her

The History of Internet and Internet Security

The History of Internet and Internet Security Introduction The internet has turn out to be part of our lives that is easy to forget the inventors who had a vision of what worldwide networking could grow to be and toiled to make it ensue. According to a research done, the internet, which started as a minuscule and restricted community, is now diverse and accessible from all parts of the universe.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The History of Internet and Internet Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, the issue of internet security is a serious matter because a local problem can be a worldwide incident within a second. Therefore, an understanding of the internet and security is imperative for the development of protective measures that ensure confidentiality, integrity as well as availability of information. The history of internet According to Vacca (2009), the development of computers at approximately 1950 was the genesis of the histor y of the internet. At around 1970, the internet began as ARPANET and it was a project funded by Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA). The broad objective of the project was creation of a network that will not cease to function even if one of its components failed. Therefore, the creation of the internet was in such a way that it had a capacity to resist attacks like viruses, intrusions and incidents. Additionally, the main aim of the internet was openness, flexibility, and not security because people needed to share information hence there were no restrictions. The ARPANET led to development of internetworking which involved amalgamation of different networks to form a system (Speed, Juanita and Korper, 2010). As more sites linked with ARPANET, the significance of the internet increased. For instance, ARPANET was initially a government and university site but at around 1970 it became public and many people could access and use it for research. As a result, the incidence of securi ty violations increased but people did not consider it as an attack because they trusted each other. In the year, 1982 access to ARPANET expanded with the development of Computer Science Network (CSNET). Besides, at around 1987, there was emergence of commercial Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Therefore, Speed and Juanita (2009) state that the ARPANET came to a halt at around 1994 due to commercialization of the internet. The commercialization permitted people to carry out commercial traffics on the internet.Advertising Looking for research paper on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since 1994, the internet has had a significant impact on the people’s lifestyle (Shoniregun, 2010). For instance, people use the internet to send text messages, make phone calls, shop and watch movies. In a recent research, Rhee (2010) states that people use the internet to find information. Additionally, most of the researche rs and educationists belong to an online discussion forum where they share information with people from different parts of the world. Therefore, the internet keeps on developing because of the relevant information that it contain. In a survey done, Poole (2008) states that in 1994, the internet carried approximately one percent of information flowing in a two-way telecommunication and by the year 2000 the percentage had risen to ninety-eight. This led to an increase in internet insecurity. For example, Cliff Stoll identified an internet incident and it motivated him to publish a book that created awareness on the existence of destructive use of the internet. The history of internet security Garfinkel, Spafford and Shwartz (2008) state that a virus called vienna was detected in 1987. After the detection, a man named Ralph Burger dissembled it and published the result in a book. The published information led to creation of many viruses. In 1988, many of the research centers internet c onnections in the United States were under attacks. For instance, Ferguson, (2009) states that a virus which was intended to infect computers in order to determine the number of connections ended up exploiting the UNIX vulnerability. Therefore, the virus spread swiftly infecting many computers thus making them unusable. In a research done in 1988, Einar (2008) explain that the WANK worm attacked the VMS system of the internet leading to exploitation of vulnerabilities of the programs that assist in sending and receiving of mails. Additionally, in 1994, an intrusion tool that interfered with the user name and password came out. This interrupted the security of data saved in the internet. For example, a person could log into any internet system and tamper with information.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The History of Internet and Internet Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additionally, in 1995, Citi bank detected a virus that made them loose four hundred thousand dollars to a man called Levin (Cheswick and Bellovin, 2009). Since then, people have detected many viruses that cause great harm to computers and organizations. They include, amoeba, boza and strange view viruses. In 2007, information technology specialists identified a storm worm that spread as an email attachment. Once a person opens a received email, he or she became part of the infected computers and spread the infection to others. As a result, many computers lost their functions. Therefore, computers are susceptible to attacks and people need to have information about internet security. The principles of information protection The three principles of information protection are confidentiality, veracity as well as accessibility. Cheswick and Bellovin (2009) state that information loose confidentiality when unauthorized person read and copy it. Some information like medical records and research data are vital and th ey require privacy. Therefore, it is the obligation of the organizations to ensure that client information is confidential. In the event that someone alters information in a way that is not supposed to be, there is loss of veracity. This is common in networks that are not secure. For instance, Einar (2008) states that integrity is lost when there is intentional or accidental interference with information. Since veracity is imperative for financial as well as critical safety data, people should ensure that they institute information protective measures. Lastly, loss of accessibility occurs when authorized people cannot access information (Ferguson, 2009). This lead to a situation called denial of service because people cannot get relevant information that facilitates the running of the organizations or businesses. For that reason, many organizations authenticate and authorize their information so that it is available to those who require. Authentication is a recognition process that allows specific people to use the internet. It involves the use of password, fingerprints or smart cards. On the contrary, authorization is a procedure that helps to establish if a system can execute a certain task. As a result, authentication and authorization allow authorized people to perform certain computer activities hence reducing the prevalence of cyber attacks. The significance of internet security According to a recent research, it is easy for unauthorized people to access information if the network environment is insecure (Garfinkel, Spafford and Shwartz, 2008). Additionally, it is very hard to determine the attackers. In a situation where the internet users do not have important data stored in the system, the attacked computer become useless.Advertising Looking for research paper on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Besides, it act as a source of infection transmitting viruses to other computers while permitting unauthorized people to access the organization information. The free access leads to loss of integrity and confidentiality of information because it becomes easy for people to alter the organization data. Moreover, Poole (2008) states that network attacks put the computer system at a compromise. For example, information concerning the computer hardware, network connections, software, configuration and authentication are valuable for the attackers. This is because it enables them to access the files as well as the programs hence decreasing the security of the system. Additionally, attackers who access the password of an organization network always alter the important files leading to loss of integrity and availability. Furthermore, all computers with internet connections are vulnerable to attacks like viruses, intrusions and incidents (Rhee, 2010). The organizations that are mostly affec ted include banks, insurance, universities, brokerage houses, hospitals and the government. Besides, the attack interferes with the running of an organization in a number of ways. To begin with, the organization loses a lot of time trying to repair the damage as well as recovering from the effects of the lost data. This lead to decrease in production, increase in expenditure and a loss of market opportunity as the organization can no longer fit in the competitive business environment. Therefore, computer users need to understand internet security incidents. Internet security incidents Incidents are activities related to the internet that have negative implication on the security. This is because they violate the internet security policies. Shoniregun (2010) states that internet security incidents vary in shapes and sizes and they come from any site although some originate from a specific system. Additionally, they spread fast resulting to massive destruction of systems within a shor t spell of time. Furthermore, it is hard to determine the source of the internet security incident because anyone can cause an intrusion accidentally or intentionally. For instance, Speed and Juanita (2009) explain that a student who has created software, a person with an evil intention or someone who want to search for information about a particular company can cause an intrusion. Additionally, an incident can also come from a fired employee or a consultant who accessed the information of an organization. Most of the times the intruder may want to seek political attention, logical challenge, entertainment as well as fiscal gain. According to a research done in various parts of the world, it is possible to classify the different types of incidents into several kinds. Speed, Juanita and Korper (2010) explain that probe is a type of incident that usually occurs when one tries to access a system of find information about it. For instance, probing is trying to log into an account that i s not functioning. Although probing may be due to inquisitiveness or misunderstanding, it can cause a vital security event. On the other hand, a scan is a type of probing that one accomplishes using a programmed tool (Vacca, 2009). A scan can be due to an error but most of the time it is an attack of a vulnerable system by an intruder. Additionally, account compromise is a type of incident where unauthorized person gain access in to someone else information. This can lead to data loss or theft of computer services. On the contrary, Vacca (2009) states that root compromise is a type of incident that is similar to account compromise. The only difference is that in root compromise the intruder is able to change the look of the system as well as hide the track of their intrusion. As a result, it becomes hard for the owner to trace the source of the intrusion. Moreover, a root compromise can lead to development of a packet sniffer, which is a program that enable an intruder to access dat a as it move over the internet. For instance, a packet sniffer can capture the user name or password of a person as information move around the internet connectivity. Speed, Juanita and Korper (2010) state that Denial of Service (DoS) attack is a kind of incident in which the intruder try to make the internet functions unavailable to the intended customers. The intruder achieves this incident by disrupting the network or manipulating the data. Furthermore, other types of incidents include trust exploitation, malicious code and attacks of the internet infrastructures. The development of the internet security incidents As technology continues to advance, internet intruders gain more information about attacks resulting to an increase in the number of incidents (Shoniregun, 2010). For example instead of attacking a vulnerable system, they examine the source of the code to determine the weaknesses found on computer programs. The source can be unprotected internet programs. Once in posses sion of the code, the intruders use it to determine the weaknesses of the programs. As a result, they can target the network infrastructures like the routers and the firewalls and conceal their functions. For example, an intruder can log into a system and the site owner does not detect due to lack of reflection of his activities on the system logs. This is because they use Trojan horses to mask their activities from the network owner. As a result, no one can trace the cause of the altered information. In a survey done, Rhee (2010) states that, intruders keep on identifying new and complex ways of attacking the internet as they become more stylish. For instance, intruders have a technique of determining a new connection to the internet thus making it susceptible to cyber attacks. Additionally, they use intrusions like packet sniffer to capture all information circulating in the internet thus confidentiality and integrity of data is lost. According to the survey, the percentage of the attack keeps on rising as the years go by. Besides, in 1996 approximately thirty three percent of the computers had a root compromise attack. This shows that intruders keep on attacking the internet because they have diverse knowledge about it. Additionally, any person regardless of his or her knowledge on computer system and the internet can use the software to accomplish the attack (Speed and Juanita, 2009). This means that any person with a burning desire can attack a system even if he or she does not possess technical skills. It is unfortunate that the intruders use the systems used to assess the vulnerability of a program to attack a system. As a result, the intruders can use minimum effort and time to identify weaknesses, alter information or attack a system. Therefore, many companies have developed software packages that assist in exploitation of vulnerabilities. The package include network scanners, tools for cracking passwords, modifying configured files, reporting check s ums, concealing activities and amending the logs into systems. The vulnerabilities of the internet to attacks Poole (2008) states that internet is vulnerable to attacks because the designers did not consider security. Hence, it is difficult to defend the network. Moreover, the extensive use of the internet for research and communication complicate the protective measures. For example, an attacker needs not to be present at a particular area for him or her to accomplish his or her mission. This means that one can compromise the integrity, confidentiality and availability of information from any part of the world and within the shortest time possible. Many people place a lot of trust in the internet without being aware of the risk. This is because they do not know what can happen to their information as well as their systems. Besides, they have a strong believe that they have sufficient protective measures. As the technology keep on changing, attackers also develop new ways of attacki ng the internet (Garfinkel, Spafford and Shwartz, 2008). As a result, it is vanity to believe that protective measures are always effective. Besides, the achievement of confidentiality as well as integrity is difficult because an internet may have a security compromise whose origin is a site that the organization has no control over. For example, a packet sniffer may be in a specific country but the attacker can access information found in different parts of the world. The fast growth as well as widespread internet use contributes to the vulnerability of the internet to attacks. This is because many people use complex services yet they do not safely design, configure, or maintain them (Ferguson, 2009). For example, as people hurry to procure new products through the internet, the system designers do not make sure that the network is free from vulnerabilities. Hence, intruders gain quick access into the system and interfere with the procurement and selling processes. Lastly, the grow th of the internet has led to an increase in demand of information technology specialists and engineers. Due to shortage of these people, inexperienced people address the maters of internet security resulting to an increase of vulnerability to attacks. Types of internet vulnerabilities Einar (2008) states that a fault in the computer software or the design of the protocol renderers a system vulnerable. Protocols are procedures that facilitate communication between computers. In the event that a fault exists, the computer is vulnerable to intrusion. For instance, intrudes usually target the Network File System because it lacks authentication. Additionally, designers usually leave out security component during the development of software. Therefore, the integration of security into the software takes place later after its procurement. Since the added security was not part of the initial software, it interferes with its function leading to an increase in vulnerability. Moreover, a faul t in the implementation of protocol as well as the software increases the vulnerability of the computer system (Cheswick and Bellovin, 2009). For example, the implementation of the protocol for sending messages may be in such a way that allows attackers to alter the internet and permit the system to perform unintended tasks. This attack leads to exploitation of the system as well as the software. Besides, Einar (2008) states that any fault in network configurations increases vulnerability of the computer system. For instance, a network configuration may require that people separate password from the rest of the system. In case the separation does not take place; an attacker can access authentication information and intrude the computer. The improvement of internet security Two ways are imperative in improving the security of the internet and according to Ferguson (2009); they deal with policies and procedures as well as the technology. To begin with, procedures involve the measures that people should take to prevent an attack. On the other hand, policies help in the decision making process. For example, it helps people to determine the type of defense program to use as well as the internet configuration process. Therefore, policy entails the description of a secure information environment and guidelines for reacting to an internet threat. On the other hand, security technology assists people to secure their systems as well as information from the attackers. Security technology focuses on different areas but the most common are operational and cryptography (Garfinkel, Spafford and Shwartz, 2008). Operational technology ensures that the available data is secure. On the other hand, cryptography facilitates privacy, integrity and originality of information. Cryptography is a system that prevents attackers from using the captured information (Poole, 2008). This is because attackers can modify the information of an organization and cause havoc. Therefore, encryption and decryption processes are imperative in enhancing the privacy, integrity and originality of information. For instance, a sender can encrypt a message with a password that the receiver knows. The receiver will then use a similar password to decrypt the message. This process ensures that there is maintenance of confidentiality of the message because without the corresponding decryption password, one cannot read it. Operational technology involves the use of passwords, firewalls and tools for monitoring and performing security analysis (Rhee, 2010). To begin with, the use of password prevents unauthorized people from gaining access into the internet. Secondly, firewalls ensure that people who do not attain the security criteria of an organization do not access the network. Thirdly, monitoring tools facilitate continuous monitoring and evaluation of the internet to ensure that people are confident about the security. For example, the monitoring tool can destroy viruses and malicious programs that can create harm to the computer. Finally, tools for analyzing security are significant in determining the vulnerabilities of the systems. The way forward In order to improve the internet security, research is of great importance because it will ensure availability, authenticity as well as integrity of information. As a result research need to be done about the internet protocol, detection of intrusion, engineering of software, computer system survival, web programs and computing paradigms (Vacca, 2009). This research will assist in detection of the current internet security problems and recommend the way forward. To begin with, Speed, Juanita and Korper (2010) state that there is little change in the internet protocol, therefore, people need to address the weaknesses of the computer in order to develop sophisticated procedures. The weaknesses include, lack of confidentiality, authenticity and integrity. Therefore, designers need to develop protocols that facilitate pr otection of information from unauthorized people. An example of such protocol is the use of cryptography to prevent intruders from accessing information. Additionally, research about intrusion detection is imperative because it will help people to know when the internet systems are under attack (Speed and Juanita, 2009). Therefore, researches need to focus on extensive analysis of the detection of anomaly as well as recognition of pattern. The detection of anomaly involves recognition of the usual behavior of the internet followed by determination of the abnormal characteristics. This is achieved through collection of data for a long period of time and it assist in the development of an intrusion detection device. On the other hand, recognition of pattern entail determination of network activity that is similar to an intrusion attack. Although this method is useful for the detection of future intrusions, it does not apply to new attacks. Therefore, information technology specialists require developing detection tools that can function at present and in future. This mean that extensive research on intrusion detection processes is imperative. In a recent research, Shoniregun (2010) explains that many designers develop software systems that lack security measures. In the event of integrating security measures to the software, weaknesses develop and the system becomes vulnerable to attacks. This is because breaching of systems becomes simple despite the efforts of rendering them invulnerable. Therefore, the concept of internet security should be present during the software development process. Moreover, computer system survival is the ability of a machine to function during an attack (Rhee, 2010). This mean that computer designers need to develop machines that are reliable. Therefore, researchers need to undertake research about software engineering. The research should involve testing dependability as well as fault tolerance of the machine. This will assist in th e detection of weaknesses of the current machines and development of sophisticated computers that withstand intrusions. As a result, computers will be in a position of detecting threats while still performing the normal functions. This mean that people will not suffer from the consequences of lost data. Additionally, Poole (2008) states that downloading information from the internet put ones computer at risk of an attack. This is because most of the internet programs do not have security measures. Furthermore, attackers usually target internet programs like entertainment and tamper them. When one downloads it to his or her computer, the machine gets an attack and stops its normal function. In order to prevent this problem, web designers need to develop programs with security functions. This will ensure that the downloaded information is safe for use. For instance, some internet programs like java have security measures. Therefore, internet users need to have knowledge on secure inte rnet programs. Conclusion In conclusion, an understanding of the internet and security is imperative for the development of protective measures that ensure confidentiality, integrity as well as availability of information. This is because knowledge about the concept of internet security as well as the different types of intrusions is imperative for the development of a sophisticated protective measure. Therefore, information technology specialists should strive to understand the history of internet and internet security as it would help them curb the current problem of insecurity. References Cheswick, R., Bellovin, D. (2009). Firewalls and Internet Security: Repelling the Wily Hacker. New York: Springer. Einar, E. (2008). Internet Security: Hacking, Counterhacking and Society. London: Jones and Barlett Learning. Ferguson, R. (2009). Internet. Oxford: Oxford Publisher. Garfinkel, S., Spafford, G., Schwartz, A. (2008). Practical UNIX and Internet Security. USA: Oreilly and Associate s Inc. Poole, H. (2008). The Internet: A Historical Encyclopedia. London: Academic Press. Rhee, M. (2010). Internet Security: Crytographic Principles, Algorithms and Protocols. New Jersey: John Willey and Sons. Shoniregun, C. (2010). Synchronising Internet Protocol Security. New York: Springer. Speed, T., Juanita, E. (2009). Internet Security: A Jumpstart for Systems Adminstrators and IT Managers. New York: Digital Press. Speed, T., Juanita, E., Korper, S. (2010). The Personal Internet Security Guidebook: Keeping Hackers and Crackers Out. New York: Digital Press. Vacca, J. (2009). Practical Internet Security. New York: Springer.